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Argumentum Ad baculum

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Argumentum ad baculum (Latin: argument to the cudgel or appeal to the stick), also known as appeal to force, is an argument where force, coercion, or the threat of force, is given as a justification for a conclusion. It is a specific case of the negative form of an argument to the consequences.

[edit] As a logical argument

A fallacious logical argument based on argumentum ad baculum generally has the following argument form:

If x does not accept P as true, then Q.
Q is a punishment on x.
Therefore, P is true.

In other words, This is right because if you do not believe it, you will be beaten up.

This form of argument is an informal fallacy, because the attack Q may not necessarily reveal anything about the truth value of the premise P. This fallacy has been identified since the Middle Ages by many philosophers. This is a special case of argumentum ad consequentiam, or "appeal to consequences".

[edit] As a non-logical argument

A similar but non-logical argument has roughly the following form:

If x does not accept P as true, then Q.
Q is a punishment on x.
Therefore, x should accept P to avoid Q.

This is not a logical argument, but a rhetorical one. The truth of the conclusion, which addresses the benefit of a course of action, cannot be determined from the truth of the premises. Logic does not address subjective concepts such as practicality or ethics.

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